![]() "Chief clerk" presidents, on the other hand, take a more passive approach to the job. Both Andrew Jackson and Franklin Roosevelt tried to intimidate the Supreme Court, some say successfully, after a majority of justices ruled against them. For example, Abraham Lincoln suspended the right of habeas corpus during the Civil War. Of course, when presidents view themselves as policymakers, they sometimes are impatient with constitutional limitations on executive activity. Scholars usually praise presidents who follow this model, because it results in ambitious policy programs that (for good or ill) leave a strong mark on American government. They consider themselves representatives of all the people, put in place to pursue a political agenda by using their inherent powers. Modern presidents usually take a leadership approach to their job. For example, the State of the Union was not delivered as a speech until the presidency of Woodrow Wilson. ![]() How a president carries out these functions depends on his personality, as well as on his view of the presidency and the role of government. While the Constitution mentions several of these duties, others have evolved over time. The president is expected to perform a number of duties as part of the office.
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